Using LaTeX Math in ggplot2

gridmicrotex provides two ggplot2 extensions for rendering LaTeX math in plots:

• geom_latex() — a geom layer for placing LaTeX labels at data coordinates.
• element_latex() — a theme element for rendering axis titles, plot titles, and other text elements as LaTeX.

Annotating plots with geom_latex()

geom_latex() works like geom_text() but interprets the label aesthetic as a LaTeX math string.

df <- data.frame(
  x = 1:3,
  y = 1:3,
  eq = c("x^2", "\\frac{a}{b}", "\\sum_{i=1}^n x_i")
)

ggplot(df, aes(x, y, label = eq)) +
  geom_latex() +
  theme_minimal()

Controlling size and colour

Map the size (font size in points) and colour aesthetics as usual:

df$col <- c("red", "blue", "darkgreen")

ggplot(df, aes(x, y, label = eq, colour = col, size = c(14, 18, 14))) +
  geom_latex() +
  scale_colour_identity() +
  scale_size_identity() +
  theme_minimal()

Adding equation annotations to a scatter plot

A common use case is annotating a regression fit with the model equation. Use annotate("latex", ...) for single annotations — it delegates to GeomLatex internally but avoids creating a data frame and automatically hides the legend.

fit <- lm(mpg ~ wt, data = mtcars)
b0 <- round(coef(fit)[1], 1)
b1 <- round(coef(fit)[2], 1)
r2 <- round(summary(fit)$r.squared, 3)

eq_label <- sprintf("\\hat{y} = %s %s x, \\quad R^2 = %s",
                     b0, b1, r2)

ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE) +
  annotate("latex", x = 4, y = 30, label = eq_label, size = 12) +
  theme_minimal()
#> `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

LaTeX axis titles with element_latex()

element_latex() replaces a text theme element so that its label is rendered as LaTeX math.

ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) +
  geom_point() +
  labs(
    x = "$\\beta_1 \\cdot x + \\beta_0$",
    y = "$\\mathrm{mpg}$"
  ) +
  theme(
    axis.title.x = element_latex(fontsize = 14),
    axis.title.y = element_latex(fontsize = 14)
  )

Dollar-sign delimiters ($...$) are stripped automatically, so both "\\frac{a}{b}" and "$\\frac{a}{b}$" produce the same output.